Western honey bee
#4 · Apis mellifera · empty worker, tethered
Insects
Dean’s table says 6.7 mph (3 m/s) as the maximum for Cicindela hybrida, citing Nachtigall 1996b. That paper’s title is locomotion on hot sand. A 1.3 mph (0.6 m/s) take-off cell does not count.
A cicindela hybrida can travel 6.7 mph (3 m/s), a verified measurement.
Top speed
Published as 3 m/sPublished as 3 m/sPublished as 3 m/s
Dean, Table 1. The row under Cicindera hybrida (Dean’s spelling) continues with 6.7 mph (3 m/s), maximum, airspeed, free flying, Nachtigall 1996b. The bibliography title for 1996b is locomotory behaviour of Cicindela hybrida on a small, hot, sandy area. The 1996 take-off paper is a different cell, 1.3 mph (0.6 m/s), average airspeed, free flying. The figure is the table’s 6.7 mph (3 m/s) maximum. The airspeed code and the locomotion title do not describe the same kind of movement, and the note says so.
In context
Worked out from the sourced figure above, which stays the ranked number.
Quick answers
A cicindela hybrida can travel 6.7 mph (3 m/s), a verified measurement.
Cicindela hybrida is labeled Verified. Independently measured and published, for example in a peer-reviewed study or with certified timing.
The figure cites University of Florida, Department of Entomology and Nematology, “Book of Insect Records, Chapter 1, tiger beetle maximum.”
Cicindela hybrida is 10th of 10 on Fastest Insects.
Mechanism
Cicindela hybrida is ranked at 6.7 mph (3 m/s), the maximum Dean’s table says for Nachtigall 1996b. The paper’s title is locomotion on hot sand. The table still codes the cell as airspeed. A 1.3 mph (0.6 m/s) take-off cell does not count.
Nachtigall 1996b is “Locomotory behaviour in a population of the tiger beetle species Cicindela hybrida on a small, hot, sandy area.” Hot sand is where these beetles sprint. Dean’s code A for airspeed does not match that title, so the row is travel, not a flight record.
The 1996 paper, take-off and flight, is the 1.3 mph (0.6 m/s) cell, coded average airspeed. That is a real flight number and it is slower. The comparison keeps the table’s 6.7 mph (3 m/s) maximum and says what the paper actually studied.
Provenance
Claimed, measured and official figures side by side, each with its source. The ranked figure is marked.
Dean, Table 1. The row under Cicindera hybrida (Dean’s spelling) continues with 6.7 mph (3 m/s), maximum, airspeed, free flying, Nachtigall 1996b. The bibliography title for 1996b is locomotory behaviour of Cicindela hybrida on a small, hot, sandy area. The 1996 take-off paper is a different cell, 1.3 mph (0.6 m/s), average airspeed, free flying. The figure is the table’s 6.7 mph (3 m/s) maximum. The airspeed code and the locomotion title do not describe the same kind of movement, and the note says so.
The 1996b title is locomotion on hot sand. The table still codes A for airspeed. 1.3 mph (0.6 m/s) is the 1996 take-off cell and does not count.
Reference
Context
Dean’s beetle table says two speeds for the tiger beetle he spells Cicindera hybrida. The maximum cell is 6.7 mph (3 m/s), coded maximum, airspeed, free flying, and cited to Nachtigall 1996b. The bibliography title of that paper is locomotory behaviour on a small, hot, sandy area, which is running, not a flight. The figure is still 6.7 mph (3 m/s), qualifier verified, because that is the number the table says. The mismatch between the airspeed code and the paper title is the reason this row sits at the bottom and is described as travel, not as a flight record.
The other cell is 1.3 mph (0.6 m/s) from Nachtigall 1996, whose title is take-off and flight. That slower flight cell does not count. No separate running speed beyond the 6.7 mph (3 m/s) cell is given.
Head to head
Cicindela hybrida vs Manduca sexta
1.7× slower18.0km/h11.2mph5m/s9.7kn
Cicindela hybrida vs Tabanus bovinus
1.9× slower20.6km/h12.8mph5.71m/s11.1kn
Cicindela hybrida vs Hybomitra hinei
13× slower145km/h90.1mph40.3m/s78.3kn
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